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Hollow Earth Hollow Earth (Part II) In 1923 Richard Johnson, a representative from Kentucky in the United States Senate, referred to the House of Representatives an instance where requested funding for an expedition to the center of the earth to reveal whether it was hollow. The request was accompanied by a note written by one
John Cleves Symmes
saying
the world.
declare that the Earth is hollow and habitable within. It contains several solid spheres, concentric, placed one inside another, and is open at the pole from 12 to 16 degrees. I undertake to prove the reality of what ad and am willing to explore Inside the Earth if the world wants to help me in my business.
John Cleves, retired captain of infantry veteran during the Civil War, had developed a theory which stated that the earth was hollow, based on the observation of the stars, especially the rings of Saturn. Also concluded that Newton was wrong, gravity does not generated the mass of bodies, if not an atmosphere filled with air or fluid elastic spheres of ether, hollow, microscopically invisible. The air flow creates a force rather than overhauling, a plenum, which is the real principle of gravity. He also thought that the matter took report, in rotation, the spherical shape and, therefore, a nebulous mass in rotation, as was our earth during their formation process, it would form a solid sphere but, rather, the hollow sphere. To reach these conclusions was supported by writings of the famous astrologer Richard Halley who predicted, based on variations due to Earth's magnetic field, the earth was hollow, and inside there were three planets the size of Venus, Mercury and Mars. Later, the mathematician Leonard Euler unify these three planets into one, which placed an advanced civilization. The physicist John Leslie divided the planet into two called Proserpina and Pluto provided a brilliant atmosphere.
While
Symnes lectured by various American universities, storing mountains of notes. Were published in New York
Symzonia: an exploratory trip
, a book written by one Adam Seaborn. The novel parodied the hollow earth theories, as a trip to the North Pole in search of the alleged holes that lead to a world beneath the earth's crust: a world with two suns and two moons inhabited by cutting a utopian society socialist. There are many theories about the possible authorship of the novel, but accepted that it was written by Symmes yet unknown reasons that prompted him to do so.
Modelling
theory of John Symmes.
A year after his death, one of his followers,
Jeremiah Reynolds, manages to convince many private investors to organize a trip to Antarctica to demonstrate the theories of his teacher. Reynolds gets to the issue charter two ships that will carry up to 82 degrees south latitude, where he disembarked. After nearly dying of starvation, is rescued at the last moment by the crew, just for leave in Valparaiso after a riot.
After editing
A hollow globe, Professor WF Lyons in 1862, Americus Symnes, son of John Symnes, decides to collect and edit the notes of his father in book form under the title: Theory
areas Symmes concentric , proving that the earth was hollow, habitable within, and spacious openings at the poles. I can not help adding something of his own to say that civilization would be found under the earth's surface would be the ten lost tribes of Israel.
HP Lovecraft Meanwhile, under all these theories start to emerge a lot of books that explore their literary possibilities. These include one of the finest works of HP Lovecraft
In the Mountains of Madness
, where during a scientific expedition discovered a new breed hidden under the Antarctic crust. Jules Verne will also dedicate one of his best novels
Journey to the Center of the Earth , meanwhile Edgar. A. Poe wrote
The Adventures of Arthur Gordon SMEs.
For several years this theory was kept away from scientific debates until the early twentieth century William Reed
reverting to the idea
Ghost
the Poles, a book widely documented from the testimony of several Arctic explorers, which states that the poles, so sought, are phantoms. There are openings in the northern and southern extremities. Inside there are vast continents, oceans, mountains and rivers. Plant and animal life is evident in this new world, and is likely to be populated by strange races for the inhabitants of the earth's surface. He argued that no browser had never managed to reach the North Pole because approximately between latitude 70 º and 75 º the earth began to curve inward, so the magnetic pole was just the outer edge of a circle located on the magnetic pole. appear several years after other key work
V
the IAJE the Center of the Earth, or poles have actually been discovered?
Written by Marshall B. Gardner, also documented on a large bibliography as well as the work of Reed, which did not. Continue along the path set by his predecessors but added the certainty that within the earth was a star, a hypothesis that Reed could never show, which explained the increase in temperature near the poles, as well as allowing the existence of life in Earth's crust. Also expanded this hypothesis to rest of solar system planets, which he said had been initially formed a swirling nebula. Because the force generated by this to turn the elements that formed it, even in an incandescent state, were cast to form the solid outer crust of each planet, leaving hollow inside. This force, together with the movement through space, also produced the polar holes. To avoid possible problems between his theory and the theory of universal gravitation Newton, to a subjective interpretation of the theory, stating that references to the central locus did not apply in this case, because it produced the attraction was the mass. If most of the mass was in the crust, it would be this that would appeal to the body, not the center. This form of distribution of forces is what keeps the star at the center position, and which also keeps us glued to the outer surface, and draws us to the earth's surface when we are on the inside. This is what kept the sun in the center of the earth at an equal distance from all points of the cortex.
Cellular Cosmogony or the earth a concave sphere of
Cyrus Teed, which was a new twist to the hollow earth theory, saying that we lived in the inner face of the earth, where gravity does not exist and we remain on the surface due to centrifugal force. This theory had begun after Cyrus had a revelation while working in his laboratory and reflected on the Book of Isaiah, which donate an angel told him it was the new Messiah and had to bring one hundred and forty-four thousand believers to wait with them to the world. Driven by these visions founded the Koreshan Unity Movement. To disseminate the doctrines of koreshanismo, Cyrus edited a newspaper called "The Sword of Fire."
Several copies of the magazine fell in the hands of Peter Bender, a German pilot captured by the French during the First World War. When he was repatriated to Germany founded the movement Welt Lehre Hohl, which continued with the ideas of Cyrus, adding parts of the thought of Gardner. This doctrine is not slow to become popular among members of the Nazi party.
To demonstrate the theories of Bender, the Reich sent one of its top scientists, Dr. Heinz Fischer, a specialist in X-rays, to the island of Rugen. Once there directs its instruments at an angle of 49 degrees to the sky for several days without receiving any response. Its purpose was to demonstrate that the land was actually concave and we live on the inside of her. By wave reflection intended to image extremely distant points as the English fleet in Scapa Flow.
After returning to Germany, Goering main instigator of the expedition became the target of taunts uttered by the followers of
Horbiger and his theory of eternal ice
. Hitler finally came to the defense of Goering when he declared that "We need not at all a coherent conception of the world. Both may be right."
In 2006 an expedition was organized to give a definitive answer to the question about the polar openings. Mainly composed Mormons depart towards the north pole to search for the Lost Tribes of Israel, as prophesied Americus Symmes. He was eventually canceled due to the tragic death of his captain.
HP Lovecraft 
John Cleves Symmes 
Cyrus Teed
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