Cuerdas, Supercuerdas, Branas Y Supersimetría

Monday, February 2, 2009

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Supercombustibles is not easy to predict how time seems

you remember how scientists in Armaggedon were perfectly able to calculate the path that the asteroid would be coming to earth. So far perfect, but we are before a problem related to mathematics. Differential equations, ie the governing almost all the phenomena we know, the so-called fundamental inequality satisfied. Well, this is, given as a differential equation x '(t) = f (t) y' (t) = f (t) two continuous functions and lipstzianas constant "k" and E approximate two solutions x (t) y (t) of equations x (t) = f (t) y (t) = f (t) with initial conditions x and y, then we have:

well looks like something horrible had nothing better than an example to demonstrate its operation. Suppose that we poor scientists behind the cumbersome task to calculate the asteroid's orbit that goes straight to the us and this is defined by a continuous differential equation and constant lipstzianidad 1, assume these conditions is not unreasonable since lipstzianidad is a little restrictive conditions and the movement of an asteroid is continuous. Yet our ultramodern instruments is not strange to think that we can make a small error of assessment in measuring its position at any given time, giving us his initial position X'O the we have measured, instead of Xo, its actual position. Now suppose that this deviation was only one meter, which is totally negligible in relation to astronomical distances. If we continue with our chain of assumptions we think that we can calculate the exact path starting from the initial position we measure. So if we now apply the fundamental inequality we obtain that after 10 seconds both DISTAR paths can reach up to 22 km away, after a minute this difference would increase to 1023 km. If we now assume that it must not have been able to calculate the exact path of the asteroid if not approximate this difference would increase with a new exponential factor, further increased the difference between the two paths. The same could also apply to the path followed by both fragments of the asteroid after the bombs explode. Not forget that when the bombs we are providing a speed burst to each fragment and the speed is the first derivative of the position. So might simply be that the fragments were not separated enough not to hit the ground, producing the Armaggedon. <||x-y||exp(k|t|) +((E1+E2)/k)||exp(k|t|)-1||

Anyway we should not forget that we are talking about an upper bound of the difference, so this bound is improved in general. But serves as an example to demonstrate that are less easy to predict the trajectory of an asteroid that is approaching from beyond the asteroid belt, approximately 400 million kilometers from Earth, with an accuracy as given in the film, I remember that spoke of a circle with a radius of several hundred kilometers. For something when they talk is talk about possible clashes between meteorites and earth speak of probabilities, not certainties such as those given in the movie.

Sunday, January 18, 2009

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We are

The other made me such a trick question how many times the earth rotates on itself over a year? Most would say 365, then no. Well that last is true but only half, if we consider the sun. It is true that the earth turns around 366 or so. Now you will wonder why it occurs this curious detail.

To explain this phenomenon we must take into account the definition of solar day, which is the elapsed time between two steps of the sun by the same meridian. But while the earth rotates on itself, is also revolving around the sun, that means that when a land has completed a turn on its axis, the position of the meridian is diverted at an angle, so you must still turn a bit more to complete the day. If we now add these angles "surplus" we see that the sum 360 °, if a loop more. But once made this introduction, I would like to talk a bit more of a concept as day. When the first day I talk to referee a solar day, but there are several types of days you will wonder, yes. Apart from the solar day which is what we use in our daily lives in general, and the cost of 86,400 seconds, which is actually a mean solar day, because this is not regular due to fluctuations in the speed of rotation of the Earth, this is schedule used in civilian life and is denoted as UT1. There is lso apparent solar day, is what is given by the position of the sun in the sky, is related to the mean solar day by calling
equation
time. other hand we can talk or sidereal sidereal day

, but I think the second last prevails, as the time elapsed between two successive steps of a meridian by the First Point of Aries. Its main difference from the solar time is given by the translation movement that made the earth to the sun, which we discussed earlier, when completing a full rotation on itself must move at an angle to maintain the same position on sun, but instead of taking into account the sun we take as reference a distant star this angle becomes almost zero. This means that the solar day is slightly longer than the sidereal day.

Offset between UTC and UT1

But back a moment to mean solar time and us go back to the creation of the International Measurement System. This defined the second initially, depending on the rotation of the earth as part of a day 86,400. Later this definition was changed due to irregularities in the rotation of the Earth, mainly caused by the moon, and the second step to be 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between the two ground state hyperfine levels of the isotope 133 of cesium atom. This new definition was the birth Two new systems of measurement of time on one hand the UTC or coordinated universal time, based on atomic clocks. Due to the high accuracy timing atomic clocks, there is little difference between UTC and solar time. If this difference is less than 0.9 seconds is considered correct, if instead exceeds that level, then adds a second, called leap second to atomic clocks all, to maintain synchrony. But he also appreciates the opportunity to discount a second even never been produced so far. These latter are traditionally added on June 30 or January 1. Although there have been proposals to abolish the leap second replaced by the hour or interlayers, although this proposal were cast down. The other system of measuring the time it came up with the atomic clocks was the International Atomic Time (TAI

) which is analogous to UTC except that it was not added or removed will leap seconds. As there is a difference today from 33 seconds of each other. This is the time used by the majority of equipment needed for handling precision such as GPS. Web Pages Viewed:

Malaciencia .

Sun Dial.
Wikipedia

Microsiervos
About
watches.

Tuesday, January 6, 2009

Laboratory 8:population Genetics And Evolution

Superstring Theory

Superstring Theory. Thanks to XKCD

Whats The Difference Between Condom Types Enz

Bender is our god

In an episode of Futurama, I do not remember the title at this time. Bender just floating through space, but a meteorite crashes into his back and slowly begins to form a new civilization on his back, they were able to talk and communicate. That meant they had atmosphere, but a moment "A robot can generate enough gravity to have an atmosphere around him?

Bender

So all this begs the question Bender gravity is sufficient to create a civilization to develop on its shiny metal ass. To know this we must know what the mass of Bender. To calculate the mass of Bender we will consider having the same volume as a person of 95 kg, that would mean that the volume would be about 0.1 m3. As Bender is made of titanium as it says when you sell your body for a time of shortage of titanium on the land, its weight would be about 450 kg.

Now to continue with our reasoning, let us consider Bender's body is spherical, then its volume to match the actual volume of your radio should be 0.3 m. Now that know what his radio, we can calculate its gravity would be about 1.1 10-7 m/s2. Perhaps too low to have a colony of tiny living things on his back. So I thought that maybe Bender was made with a blade material of the future and could generate close to the lunar gravity, for example, then I started to take bills and discovered that it would weigh about 2.185 million tons to generate a gravitational field similar. That meant that its density must be 21.75 million tonnes per m3, which is totally absurd, except that in the future to build robots used the same stuff that white dwarfs are formed.

Interstellar Space

But despite this slight stumble decided to continue with my reasoning, so I decided to calculate the escape velocity of Bender. To the uninitiated in these matters, is the minimum speed you need to reach an object to escape the gravitational pull of a planet or other body and get to a hypothetical infinite distance with speed 0. But back to the topic at hand, if Bender was made of titanium its escape velocity would be 2.5 10-4 m / s, but if he were made of material of the future blade speed would be approximately 1 m / s. Wow, now if that was beginning to seem reasonable idea Bender floating through space as a civilization developed in his back. So I decided to calculate the rms speed of gas, which is a measure of the velocity of a particle in a gas. If the speed was low enough not to exceed the escape velocity, then Bender would have an atmosphere around him. As the rms speed was directly related to temperature, as we believe that Bender is traveling through interplanetary space where the temperature is 2.7 K, did not seem unreasonable to think that was sufficiently low. Then an atom of hydrogen, the lightest element known, would have an escape velocity 0.8 m / s is not small enough for a titanium Bender had atmosphere but as for a blade Bender had it. Conclusion that unless this Bender made of the same material as white dwarfs or something like it is impossible for dwarves can grow back.